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Claudius The Second Roman Emperor Of The Julio Claudian...

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, more commonly referred to as Claudius, was appointed as the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, following the assassination of his nephew and preceding Emperor, Caligula, in 41 A.D. (Wasson, 2011) Despite the initial pessimistic perspective held by prominent Roman figures regarding his performance as Emperor, Claudius proved to be an efficient leader whom increased the autocratic nature of Rome through his Empire expansion campaigns and policies that strengthened his position within Roman society. Under his reign, the annexation of Britain, as well as other provinces occurred, which was considered to be one of the most ambitious military campaigns of the 1st century. Claudius implemented†¦show more content†¦(Alston, 2013) According to ancient Roman statesman and historian, Cassius Dio, who recorded useful information about the events of Claudius’ return to Rome after spending only sixteen days in the British territor ies, the Senate granted him permission to celebrate a triumph, voted to allow for an annual festival to commemorate the event, and ordered that two triumphal arches be elected in the city and the other in Gaul. (Dio, 200 A.D.) Although, the Senate determined that Claudius was to receive a triumph celebration and honour in his name, not all agreed with the treatment he obtained. Suetonius disparaged his triumph by claiming Claudius’ role in the campaign was â€Å"of little importance†. Suetonius’ opinion on Claudius’ role derives from his set of biographies, The Twelve Caesars, which was written in AD 121, long after the reign of Claudius, rendering him a secondary source. It is also worth noting that bias towards the Senate was evident throughout his writings, with many references suggesting he reflected the same perspective on each Emperor, as the Senate did. In the case of Claudius, he would have negatively viewed him as the Senate did. (Suetonius, 121 A.D.) Nevertheless, Romano-Jewish historian, Josephus recorded a similar judgment on Claudius’ role in the campaigns and claims that a â€Å"triumphShow MoreRelatedJulia Agrippin An Impeccable Pedigree1444 Words   |  6 Pagestime. She was born into a Julio-Claudian family background that shaped and influenced the woman Agrippina the Younger became. Throughout her life her actions and ambitions were heavily critiqued as they went against the social norms and expected role of women of her time. Motivation: Agrippina the Younger found inspiration and motivation from her powerful, yet somewhat dysfunctional family. Her mother, Agrippina the Elder, was considered to be a good example of a Roman Mater. 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Rhetoric Free Essays

Scott started a seminal debate within the rhetoric community with his essay, â€Å"On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic. † His argument – rhetoric is epistemic – has been analyzed and/or criticized by many scholars. Scott himself followed up in 1976 with an article titled, â€Å"On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic: Ten Years Later† in order to address some of these concerns, and add to his original thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetoric or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite this follow-up, authors still continue criticize and defend his work. This essay will focus on three responses in particular, each focusing on a different aspect of Coot’s argument, in order to prove that rhetoric is in fact epistemic. First, Brunette’s, Three Meanings of Epistemic Rhetoric (1979) will examine three possible meanings and implications of Coot’s claim. Second, Harping’s What Do You Mean, Rhetoric is Epistemic? (2004) will hone in on the debate between Scott and Cheerier and Haskins, defining the positions of each. Finally, Banshee’s The Cartesian Anxiety in Epistemic Rhetoric: An Assessment of the Literature (1990) will address four key positions within the debate, and bring them together with his Bernstein term, â€Å"Cartesian Anxiety. From these responses it will become clear that while many scholars agree that rhetoric is epistemic, their definitions and viewpoints still vary. Before Jumping into the responses of other scholars, it is probably worth examining Coot’s own response, especially since it predates the essays soon to be examined. In this essay, Scott attempts to address three questions: â€Å"Is there one way of knowing or many? What sort of knowing does rhetoric strive to achieve? Is rhetorical relativism vicious? † (1976, 259). He states that there are many ways of knowing, emphasizing the lyricist nature of Ways of knowing. ‘ He believes that rhetoric should strive to achieve an actuality, or an agreed social construction (later it will become apparent that this facet of his argument is the one sparking the most debate). Finally, he attempts to dispel the positivist argument against him, that rhetorical relativism is vicious. This leads to some deeper discussion on the nature of subjective knowledge, of which his defining argument seems to be: â€Å"Relativism, supposedly, means a standard-less society, or at least a maze of differing standards, and thus a cacophony f disparate, and likely selfish interests. Rather than a standard-less society, which is the same as saying no society at all, relativism indicates circumstances in which standards have to be established cooperatively and renewed repeatedly’ (1976, 264) Brume seeks to offer up what he deems to be the three prevailing philosophies on epistemology. The first is what is considered the positivist view, which is essentially that there is a truth out there, and that people are either right or wrong about what they think is true. He emphasizes that rhetoric is the path to reaching that truth. The second is the classic interpretive approach, that different groups have different realities, and there knowledge within them. This means that within a group, someone can be wrong, although that doesn’t necessarily mean they’re wrong in all groups. Finally, he addresses the view that the world is much too complicated for humans to understand, which is evidenced by our need to define and label everything. Harping focus on defining terms, as he sees this as the most critical step in defining hitherto as epistemic. Specially, he examines the nature of â€Å"certainty’ and the implications of various definitions and views. Next he examines the term â€Å"rhetoric,† whose definitions has implications not Just in this debate, but for all rhetorical theory. Here he addresses the pros and cons of defining rhetoric in a broad or specific sense. Finally, Harping examines Justification, and how various scholar use justification within the realm of epistemology. Bingham compares four positions within ‘rhetoric as epistemic’ literature. How to cite Rhetoric, Papers