The West Between The Wars - 1186 Words

The West between the Wars The Great War, or World War I, ended in 1918 with the Treaty of Paris. It marked the beginning of a new era. During the war, there was a boom in the economy and employment was easy to find. The damage the war caused on the land in Europe was catastrophic; with the trenches and heavy artillery and machinery being used to destroy each other and take cities, it is amazing that there was anything left. Many people, soldiers and civilians, died during the war. After World War I, many countries gained their independence, and many countries suffered severe economic debt due to the expensive war reparations. Europe was hit hardest with the aftershock of the war. Each country was effected differently by the war. After being defeated by the Allies, Austria was forced to dismember its empire. Austria lost Hungarian and Balkan territories (Slovenia, Croatia, and Bosnia) to the Allies. Belgium was left in shambles where the Germans tried to invade into France, it was fur ther damaged after Germany refused to pay war reparations. Germany was severely weakened after it lost World War I. It lost its overseas territories and is no longer a threat to the United Kingdom nor the United States because of the limit that was placed on Germany’s military. The economy and morale of Germany was severely declined; it made it easier for the reign of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party to take root in Germany. Hungary is forced to divide into small states based on ethnic groups.Show MoreRelatedThe Cold War Between East And West From The End Of The Ussr Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages From 1948 to 1991 countless anti-communist films were made, dominating the stage of transnational politics and geostrategic affairs between East and West from the beginning to the end of the USSR. The Cold War would impose an atmosphere bursting with tension on the world film production arena. The main tense issues that prevailed included but were not limited to: Communist expansionism, American Imperialism, an arms race including a nuclear menace, the subjugation of space, and the infamous intelligenceRead MoreThe Cold War1676 Words   |  7 PagesHistorical Context: The Cold War started by the end of the Second World War. The aim of this war was to spread opposing ideologies of Capitalism and Communism by the two world superpowers without the result of a hot war. The war was between the Capitalist West - namely: the United States of America, Britain and France – and Communist East – known to be Russia and all the satellite states which communism had taken over. An agreement made at the Yalta meeting of 1945 was that Germany would be dividedRead MoreEssay on The Cold War and West Germany 1960-19701442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War and West Germany 1960-1970 During the formative years of the Cold War, Germany had become both the potential balancer and ideological battleground between the East and the West. After Stalins death in 1953 tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union seemed to be improving. However, by the late 1950s when Khruschev took over power, hostility was on the rise due to his efforts to bully the United States into dà ©tente through intimidation. Khruschev wished for, amongRead More Why the Cold War developed by 1949 Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesBy 1949, the Cold War had developed in many ways since 1945. The most significant factor to the development of the Cold War since the end of World War II, was the building of the Iron Curtain in 1946 which divided the communists countries of Eastern Europe from the non-communist countries of the West and considerably contributed to the hostilities between the West and the USSR. Other reasons why Cold War had developed by was because of the different ideology to begin with, the Marshall Plan and TrumanRead MoreThe Cold War According to Berlin Essay example1005 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War According to Berlin After the end of World War II, in 1945, Germany was divided into four zones, American, British, French on the west side and the Soviet on the east side. Germany’s capital Berlin was also divided into four zones. To identify what happen during the Cold War one has to focus on Berlin as it was the centre of this conflict. Events like the currency reform, Berlin Blockade and the building of the Berlin Wall show how close it was to becomingRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1122 Words   |  5 Pages The Cold War was a state of political hostility between the U.S and the Soviet bloc, the most powerful nations in the world. The two countries fought together as allies in World War II but toward the end of the War the two nations competing ideologies and visions of the post War prevented them from working together. The Cold War was by far the biggest threat to human existence the world has ever seen, although their was never any declaration of War between the two competing nations, the SovietRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was an ideological war between the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, beginning after the Second World War. After the war, Germany was left defeated, while Britain and France were left drained and exhausted. Although, the United States and the Soviet Union were drained, they held considerabl e power, and both soon rose to superpower. The two became rivals through mutual distrust, and constantly competed for power. The Soviet Union wanted to spread CommunismRead MoreThe Historical Roots Of Modern Day Conflicts1730 Words   |  7 Pagesdeclared in Minsk, Belarus on 1 September, 2015 between Ukraine and Russia, it was not expected to be maintained. Yet, despite the skeptical expectations of politicians and critics alike, it has. The reason why the ceasefire appears to be holding up is complex and has much to do with Ukraine being uniquely situated between the East and the West. In the modern day conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Ukraine has been forced to choose between the East and the West through partnerships with either Russia orRead MoreThe Fall of the Berlin Wall666 Words   |  3 Pagescontinuation of the story about Eastern Europe emerging from war and communism. The nation of presenting history as a story also appealed to me very much, since that is the way I look at the events I cover as a reporter. -Serge Schmemann The Berlin Wall was a symbol of division between two different political beliefs and two different ways of life. The population during this time was about 3.4 million. This started the Cold War and ended it. Just because of one mans (Nikita Khrushchev)Read MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War is unique among war’s to be not a war between states, but a war between ideologies. The United States and other allies defend social democracy capitalism, as the pinnacle of freedom and equality; and the Soviet Union though communism was the pinnacle of equality. These ideologies manifested themselves through the superpowers, which caused the conflict between them. Both the United States, and the Soviet Union are to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War. The United State’s mission

Catcher in the Rye and Atigone Free Essays

In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, and the play Antigone both main characters Holden and Creon are alienated or isolated from society. Through their journey they both develop the theme which is wisdom is gained through suffering and experience. J. We will write a custom essay sample on Catcher in the Rye and Atigone or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. Salinger’s novel ‘Catcher in the Rye’ portrays to the reader a protagonist named Holden Caulfield who desires independence and feels that the world is an inhospitable place, that he holds contempt for, Holden like many teenagers seeks a sense of identity but does not look for it through his connections with others. The book highlights this and his issue of identity is explored through Holden, himself, who can be correlated to other people living in forced isolation and alienation. Holden constantly labels â€Å"phoney-ness† on the adult world and forces self alienation as a way of self protection for himself to further illustrate his independence from a world he is not connected to. In the drama â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles we can see that Creon is also the protagonist. Creon is obsessed with greed and power. The play highlights this by capturing the controlling and manipulative ways of Creon’s personality. We can see that he is not directly wanting to be alone like Holden but that he doesn’t care about anyone else other than himself. This is self inflicting insolation, because no one will what to endure his presents. This help’s develop the theme because we can see both of the characters flaws and how they are going to grow. Holden is a compelling character, because we are not sure what he is going to do next. He purchased a red hunting hat that will make him stand out in a crowd, or protect himself from the outside world. He wears a hunting hat to show his uniqueness and isolates him self to portray that he is better than others and above interacting with them. In the beginning on the novel we see that the hat is used more frequently, to hide his true emotions. He tends to wear his hat when he is alone and thinking to himself. But he did wear it in a crowd of people so no one would talk to him. As he is in New York he tends to stop wearing the hat so often this meaning that he is growing up and maturing. Then eventually he even gives the hat to Phoebe showing that he is now an adult. There are many conflicts that Creon has to over come before he realizes that he is not the only person he truly cares about. Creon puts himself at a position of power, he go against his word saying that he would listen to the people of Thebes. Now he is going to send people to death even if they are listening to the gods. Because Creon is at a postison of power he can do whatever he wants even though it is pushing people away from him and causing him to be isolated. At the end of the play Creon finally realizes that just because he has power does not mean that everyone will love him, and he is left alone. This helps develop the theme because we can see that both characters are suffering in their own way. Holden is suffering with letting people in and not being able to show emotion. He is gaining knowledge through his own experiences and able to see that the adult world is not so bad after all. Creon had to also learn from his own experiences. Creon’s tragedy is his inability to recognize that anyone else can be right and his failure to acknowledge a higher good than that of the state. He only realizes when it is to late, when his loved ones were no longer with him. Holden often reaches out to people but sabotages potential relationships by making awkward and odd comments or actions. Holden is terrified to make a connection with someone knowing that the people he love often abandon him: Allie, D. B. , his parents. â€Å"Where do the ducks go? † is a question that he often asks to the taxi driver. This is a symbol of growth and maturity because he can see that not everything will leave forever like Allie. The ducks will come back and so will the people in his life. Holden thinks he wants to find someone to share intimacy with but truly what he needs is a good friend, someone who he can talk. This person in the novel is his sister the one who he truly cares about Phoebe. She is like a rock for him, even though she is much younger than him she acts as the adult in the relationship. She helps him grow and mature into a young adult. Unlike Holden, Creon is in love with power. He puts his love for his country above the love for his family He’d rather kill Antigone to uphold his law and win the respect (or fear) of people of Thebes than pardon his niece and one of his last living relatives. When he sends Antigone to her death he has an argument with his son Haemon. Creon is now killing the love of his son’s life for his own love of power. He tries to take back what he has done but it is to late, Antigone, Heamon, and Eurydice are now dead. Creon had cause his own son and wife to die because of his love for power. Love helps develop the theme because we reach out for people and we need them to live normal social lives. Without these life experiences how are we able to mature and grow as a person. You may have to suffer before you can see the growth. â€Å" Of happiness the crown and chiefest part is wisdom, and to hold the Gods in awe. This is the law that , seeing the stricken heart of pride brought down, we lean when we are old. † ( Chorus, p 162, text) We can only grow wiser through experience as we can see through both Holden and Creon. With both character’s they have to learn to let people in to have an opinion. That it is ok to stand out, but what will you do with your power? And to love the ones who love you. Without them you will be nothing in the world. Wisdom is gained through suffering and experience because without experience we would never grow as a person. Comparative Essay How to cite Catcher in the Rye and Atigone, Papers

Organizational Behavior Management Concepts free essay sample

He explains different ways in which the sense of urgency and perception can be changed. One of those ways is to â€Å"Create a crisis by allowing a financial loss, exposing managers to major weaknesses vis-a-vis competitors, or allowing errors to blow up instead of being corrected at the last minute† (P. 44). By analyzing this example we can easily see how urgency will be raised and perceptions change between employees. Employees start worrying about their job security when a financial crisis is present. They will then want to learn about what is necessary to bring the financial stability back into the organization.If the issue addressed and applied, it will bring job security in return. By allowing managers to be exposed to the major organizational weaknesses their state of urgency will increase and the perception of the organization will change. This illustration alters employee’s perception of security and industry leadership, and the sense of urgency is raised. In general, most people are reluctant to change or conform to their environment whether it be a work environment or otherwise. There is always some degree of uncertainty when presented with change. A sense of urgency allows employees to see the need and the importance of change. Urgency has to be created and perceptions have to be altered within every department of an organization in order for a successful start to organizational change. â€Å"Stage 2, Creating a Guiding Coalition† Kotter’s second step in creating change in an organization is to create a guiding coalition. The criteria for creating a strong guiding coalition would entail finding people who possess the experience, integrity and leadership skills within their positions.The job of the guiding coalition is a critical piece where implementation is necessary in order for organizational change efforts to begin. The people that are leading the efforts are in charge of making changes that should result in a more effective organization in terms of organizational strength. This step can be compared to Ivancevich et al. ’s concepts of teams and changing attitudes. The guiding coalition should act as a synergetic team as described by Ivancevich et al. This team should be formed by individuals who are one hundred percent committed and dedicated towards the goal of organizational change.He describes an effective vision to include characteristics such as being â€Å"ambitious enough to force people out of comfortable routines†, â€Å"taking advantage of fundamental trends† and â€Å"having a certain moral power† (P. 79). This concept relates closely to the goal setting process approach as stated by Ivancevich et al. Goals correlate directly to the vision concept. A goal is â€Å"a specific target that an individual [organization] is trying to achieve; a goal is the target [vision] of an action† (Ivancevich et al. , 2007, P. 26). Setting an effective goal (vision) that is clear will motivate employees to take action in the organizations desired direction (Kotter, 1996, P. 68). Setting a challenging but attainable goal (vision) will motivate employees to work harder towards the objective. Setting goals or visions can be a very influential method for motivating employees to work towards the organizational change (Ivancevich et al. , 2007, P. 128). Organizations that are working towards change have capitalized on this vision setting approach.A change without an effective vision â€Å"or a logical plan can rarely inspire [motivate] the kind of action needed to produce a major change† (Kotter, 1996, P. 71). â€Å"Stage 4, Communicating the Change Vision† Kotter’s fourth step towards the organizational change is communicating the change vision. In this step Kotter’s main focus is to communicate the vision through actions as much as possible in every way possible. Throughout this step Kotter is focused on emotions and how constant communication (verbal and non-verbal) can affect the employees’ emotions towards embracing the guiding coalitions’ vision.Many concepts found in Ivancevich et al. text book on emotions and communication can be compared to this step. This section will focus on the comparison between the 4th stage and Ivancevich et al. ’s communication process. â€Å"Communication is one of the vital processes that breathes life into an organizational structure. † (Ivancevich et al. , 2007, P. 372). This statement clearly emphasizes the importance of communication. The manner in which the guiding coalition communicates the vision can either break barriers or form more barriers towards change.The vision should be communicated using simple language, â€Å"all jargon and technobabble must be eliminated. †(Kotter, 1996, P. 90). In eliminating complicated language from the vision, clarity is present and the employees’ understanding will increase. People are more apt to take action when the message is completely understood. If there is any hint of confusion, some will ask for clarifications but other will not bother to understand. Those who don’t understand may already be against change if the vision is made too complicated and appears to be too hard to grasp.The information richness and the nonverbal communication concepts, strongly supports Kotter’s 4th stage. Vision can be the most effective when it is transmitted in different forms (Kotter, 1996, P. 93). These concepts directly relate to Ivancevich et al. ’s informational richness, which â€Å"refers to the amount of information that can be transmitted or communicated in an effective manner† (P. 357). It can take the form of formal meetings, informal face-to-face communication, memos and e-mails.Communicating the vision through different mediums will make employees aware of the message and how important the change is to the organization. The nonverbal communication of the vision can be crucial towards creating or developing emotional barriers (P. 354). Kotter refers to the nonverbal communication as leading by example. If the coalition starts to act and live by the new vision, employees will obtain a better understanding of the change and create more credibility in the coalition’s actions and beliefs. â€Å"Stage 5, Empowering a Broad Base Action† Kotter’s fifth step is on empowering a broad base action.

Touro University Worldwide Essays (1651 words) -

Touro University Worldwide Professional Ethics Fall 2017-1 September 24, 2017 Tamerla Glenn Dr. Michael Hamlin This paper analyses social, ethical and legal issues within a complaint initiated by the NSW Health Care Complaints Commission (HCCC) against a psychologist, Steven Kreft (HCCC v Kreft, 2011). The HCCC investigated a complaint by a client of Kreft of personal and sexual disclosures, as well as unprofessional treatment in the solicitation of a photograph of the client in which the client was dressed in underwear. Kreft's actions are assessed in light of professional and ethical standards as well as potential breaches of the law. Steven Kreft, was an experienced psychologist narrowly specializing in the treatment of men with anxiety conditions using cognitive-behavioral therapy (HCCC v Kreft, 2011). The client, a 19 -year-old married women, was referred to Kreft because of anxiety and possibly panic attacks, but during the initial stages of counseling, she raised relationship problems, her appearance and sexual needs and practices with him and these became the focus of their sessions. Kreft conveyed to the client that he was not experienced or skilled in the treatment of relationship problems or sexual disorders, however, the client stated that she wished to continue working with him and he did not insist on referring her elsewhere. The client ultimately accused Kreft of failing to observe proper professional boundaries and engaging in inappropriate discussions of a personal nature in which he: Complimented her on her appearance referring to her petite size, short height and thin build, and likened her to his girlfriend; Asked the client to comment on his physical appearance; Disclosed details of his personal life including the number of sexual partners he had, that his girlfriend would share a bed with other girlfriends when they slept over, that he had been in love numerous times, and that he had thought about homosexuality during his youth (HCCC v Kreft, 2011). In addition, Kreft was accused of failing to follow or observe appropriate therapeutic practice and/or failing to observe proper professional boundaries when he asked the client for photographs for a study in which people would rate the client's appearance. One of these photographs pictured the client dressed in underwear. Kreft copied these photographs onto his computer for later presentation to unnamed others. This exercise was not recorded in the client's clinical notes (HCCC v Kreft, 2011). The HCCC invested the client's complaints and took disciplinary action against him. There are numerous social, ethical and legal issues in this case. Although Kreft was in fact a psychologist, for the purpose of this paper, his conduct will be assessed against the Australian Counseling Association's Code of Ethics and Practice (2012). The paper will explore the power imbalance between Kreft and his client, the effect of his behavior on the therapeutic relationship and whether Kreft's behavior might have breached sexual harassment laws. Ethical and legal guidelines exist to offer protection to people who may experience harm as a result of the actions of another person. According to Welfel (2013, p.3), professional ethics in counseling encompasses five dimensions of behavior including having sufficient knowledge, skill and judgement; respecting the client's human dignity and freedom; using a counselor's inherent power responsibly; and, acting to promote public confidence in the counseling profession. This provides a useful framework for assessing Kreft's conduct in this case. Beginning with Kreft's expertise, Kreft usually used a strict cognitive-behavioral protocol for the management of anxiety and panic disorders. Kreft is described by his own treating psychiatrist as a skilled practitioner in a narrow field, having been trained to think rationally and logically. Kreft's practice "involved administering protocols, carrying out logic-based interventions and requires his patients to occupy a mindset where they share a common objective and commitment to the treatment and its proposed outcome" (HCCC v Kreft, 2011 at 227). Although referred to Kreft because of his relevant expertise, the treatment interaction became sexualized when the client began talking about her sexual experiences and practices. There was further exploration of her concerns about her personal appearance, low self-esteem, need for validation by men via her sexual activities and description of her specific sexual behavior. Here, Kreft was out of his professional depth. Specifically, on this matter, the Australian Counseling Association's

Research Paper on Copyright

Research Paper on Copyright Copyright is a universal law created to protect authors’ of original creations’.It promotes the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries’.( U.S Constitution, Article 1, Section 8). It grants the authors’ exclusive ownership and legally allows them to deny others the privilege of using their works. Copyright can be placed on anything in tangible medium such as; literary, artistic, dramatic or  architectural works, however, it doesn’t cover material in the public domain. It was first introduced in 1790, although most creations before the twentieth century were not copyrighted. The basic length of copyright is determined by adding seventy years onto the lifespan of the author. It cannot be renewed. This essay will focus on three main aspects of Internet Copyright. Firstly, it will discuss existing copyright laws, secondly it will analys e copyright infringements on these laws and finally it will discuss the importance of knowing and understanding copyright. Copyright laws on the Internet differ in each country but they tend to cover the same principles. The act of Fair Dealing allows people to use a part of an original document without the permission of the author, however, the author of the original work and the source from which it originated must be cited. It must be a reasonable amount used only for research, teaching,  criticism or comment with no financial gain. In the case of copying pictures or photographs, permission from the owner must always be sought with the exception of four things; it is owned by the government, was published before 1922 and registered at a Copyright office, advertised as free or in the public domain. The failure to comply by these regulations is known as plagairism. Laws relating to software are very simple. One copy of the program is allowed to be stored on a computer and one back up disc can be made, any more copies made or distributed are illegal and referred to as software piracy. Profit made by re gistering other peoples’ trademarks as one’s own is called Cyber squatting and although not as easy or as common anymore, it is still illegal. These laws protect original work and present businesses with the opportunity of advancement. They allow the public to use or view works within limits and are a small requirement for the vast amount of information available on the internet. Infringements on Copyright, although being a federal offence, are common practices on the internet Software piracy is a worldwide problem. â€Å"Software companies are launching more and more lawsuits against major infractors†.( Webopedia, 2003, p. 1) Software is easy to duplicate therefore making it  vulnerable to infringement. Share ware attempts to lower piracy by encouraging users to supply others’ with copies in the hope that they will enjoy it enough to buy the full version or pay a small monthly fee directly to the author. Illegally copying software doesn’t just affect the company but the user  as well as they  receive no documentation, customer support or update information on products. Piracy diminishes the worth of a program and proves difficult for small companies to stay in business. Cyber squatting is in illegal practice, common around the time of the birth of the Internet. Businesses were unaware of the Internets’ potential so people th ought registering a well known trademark and waiting until the rightful owner realized the internets power would be profitable as they could sell the domain name back to the rightful owner . Panasonic, Avon and Hertz were all victims of cyber squatting. Today, the importance of having a domain name is common knowledge thus diminishing the number of cyber squatters rapidly. Plagairism is the most common illegal practice on the internet. Plagairism is very easy to do but doesn’t come without its’ consequences. Plagairisers are easily found on the internet with search engines, enabling authors to locate improper copies of their work and rightly prosecuting the offender/s. Plagairism also includes forwarding an email in which the intnded use has been altered.Students found to commit any of these face lowered marks, failure and even expulsion from schools. Infringement on Copyright is a violation of the law and property rights of the authors and deprives them of due credit of their hard work and efforts and can evolve into a costly court case. It is of paramount importance to know and understand the laws of copyright. Abiding by the rules can literally save people millions of dollars. Copyright is a protection act and to defy it is to defy others the right to display their work and to receive credit on their achievements. As mentioned earlier, knowing these laws can be the difference beween passing a course or being diqualified. It is an incentive for students and the general population to create something original and share it with the rest of the world. Most importantly knowing and understanding these laws enables the system to run smoother and creates space for people to better their work. Internet Copyright is a valued law which is not taken seriously enough. Infringing Copyright is unfair on everybody. It inhibits innovation, diminishes the value of an artists’work, makes it harder on businesses and dissolves the credit to artists for their hard work, time and effort to produce work which is there for everyone to enjoy. Stronger laws and penalties will have to be introduced if Copyright infringement is going to lower or stop. Cd and DVD burners on the market and in computers contradict the regulations of copyright, almost making it legal to defy it. Why buy a product when it can be produced for a tenth of the cost? Why not copy information from the internet- who is going to find out? The internet is the biggest threat to copyright and with these unresolved issues its’ future appears unsuccessful.

Understanding the Gist of the Matter

Understanding the Gist of the Matter Understanding the Gist of the Matter Understanding the Gist of the Matter By Maeve Maddox Ive begun to notice the misuse of just for gist in the expression gist of the matter. Admittedly, many of the occurrences appear in informal comments at the end of blogs and articles, but Ive also found examples in formal pieces written by writers who should know better. I think I got the just of the matter. Though I also suspect that I missed a few points†¦ The just of the matter is that it isnt Christ that fell short, when you mess up, it is you. I think that [it] is very hard to please men†¦The just of the matter is, either they like you or they dont. The just of the matter is, whenever you hear something about biofuels and biorefining, keep an open mind and never assume that what you’ve heard about it in the past applies now. gist    1. Law. The real ground or point (of an action, indictment, etc.). 2. The substance or pith of a matter, the essence or main part. The noun gist in the gist of the matter, derives from Anglo-French legal phrases that included the word gist in the sense of the verb lies.; for example, cest action gist, literally, this action lies, from French gà ©sir, to lie, from Latin jacet, it lies. The meaning of this action lies was this case is sustainable by law. Other ways to say the gist of the matter are: the heart of the matter the most essential thing to know or remember the main point Here are some examples of the correct use of gist on the web: Sometimes we crunch data and painstakingly calculate choices and positions, and sometimes we rapidly and automatically seize on the essence, the simple value, the gist of the matter. The gist of the matter can be found on Lisa’s post, as well as a rather lengthy discussion Microcontent: Sometimes You Just Need the Gist We now come to the gist of the matter. That, in our opinion, is what the real gist of Lenins thesis on the identity†¦of dialectics†¦[is]. I found a business podcast called The Gist of the Matter. Theres also a web application called Gist. It analyzes email and summarizes the content based on perceived importance sorted by time, people, attachments, communication frequency, or companies. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastEmail Etiquette75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

What Being A Leader Means To Me Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Being A Leader Means To Me - Essay Example A good leader inspires confidence in their followers. When I was captain of the football team, my fellow teammates were confident in my leadership. When I would go over plays, my teammates knew I had the best interest of the team at heart. When my plays would be successful most of the time, my teammates grew more confident in my leadership. I knew that I was responsible for successful plays. The whole team looked to me. That meant hard work on my part. In order to inspire confidence, I had to offer successful plays. This was accomplished by researching other teams, not to mention the hours of plays I watched on video. I put in hours and hours in order to inspire confidence from my teammates. The second part of being a leader is setting example by actions, not just words. My teammates and I had to endure grueling practices. Some of my teammates might get injured and sit out on practices. I did not have that luxury. In order to set an example by action, I had to endure despite the pain, fatigue, and my body’s weakness. I had to continue in order to inspire my team. If I quit over an injury or fatigue, then I could never ask my teammates for one hundred ten percent, because I did not live up to that standard myself. If my teammates did twenty laps, I had to do twenty-one in order to prove I was a leader. I had to make every practice, or not expect my teammates to make every practice. Actions speak louder than words. My leadership is an action orientated leadership. Finally, as a leader I did make mistakes. Sometimes my plays were not always successful. Instead of blaming a teammate, I would accept the responsibility. However, when I made a mistake, I would learn from that mistake. If a certain teammate could not catch the ball, I did not put him in the position to catch the ball. Every individual has weaknesses and strengths. I would play to the

Chinese Cinema Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Chinese Cinema - Case Study Example Yimou began his career by making films thate looked at the past, present, and the future through a futuristic eye. He emphasized a lot on the resilience, even the stubbornness, of Chinese people in the face of hardships and adversities. The films dared to deconstruct China and reform the culture. His earlier films appear to be influenced a lot by his background and the life struggle. However, it is quite surprising to observe that Yimou has changed his track completely to make some morality fables and period martial art movies. The message from these movies also was quite confusing, considering his previous reputation as a dissident filmmaker (Salazar). Zhang Yimou was born in 1952 in the Xi'an province of China. He grew up in socialist China where class struggle dominated life and literature. His father and brother were associated with the Kuomintang (Nationalist party). So, as a child, Yimou suffered stigmatization and ridicules. The Cultural Revolution of 1966 forced him to quit studying and start working as a farm hand and laborer. Meanwhile, Yimou developed interest in painting and amateur still photography. He used his portfolio of photographs to gain admission to the cinematography department of the Beijing Film Academy in 1978. In the film academy, Yimou was exposed to art films by various European, Japanese, Chinese, and American directors, including Fei Mu, Kurosawa, Tarkovsky, Antonioni, Scorsese, and Truffaut. He graduated from the film academy in 1982 along with stalwarts such as, Chen Kaige and Tian Zhuangzhuang. The influence of these art films and such compatriots can be seen in all of Yimou's early films. Yimou started his cinematic career as a director of photography (One and Eight, 1984). In this very first venture, his unique talent was highly visible. He shot his pictures from obscure angles and captured the color stock as though it were black and white. He positioned the actors at the side, rather than at the center to improve the dramatic effect. He also used unique visual styles, based on the asymmetrical and unbalanced composition of the shots. Earlier Films - Theme and the Cinematic Vision In 1987, Zhang Yimou embarked on his directorial debut, Red Sorghum. The movie brought Yimou a lot of critical acclaim and catapulted him into the forefront of the world's art directors. The film had a lot of lush images, though the plot was simple and short. It told the story of Jiu'er, a poor girl who is sent by her parents into a pre-arranged marriage with a much older man. Thereafter, the tale revolves around the life and struggle of Jiu'er and finally her tragic end. The movie is very different from the faster and cheaper forms of Hollywood color films, primarily because of its strong melodrama and the overwhelming visual quality. The cinematography splashes its passionate colors all over the screen with abandon. The visual impact of the film is voluptuous. Yimou has used the red color as a symbol to represent passion. For Jiu'er, the red of masculinity dominates the wedding sedan, the wild sorghum, the sorghum wine, and the fire that consumes her at the end. Red Sorghum breaks cultural taboos against representing female orgasm, ecstasy, and reproductive continuity onscreen. Bold close-ups of the heroine's face, such as in the wild-sorghum abduction scene were new in mainland Chinese cinema. However, Yimou showcases female desire as

Fossils Nurse Essay Example for Free

Fossils Nurse Essay A fossil is the prehistoric remains of a plant or an animal. Fossils are usually are kept at their best when they are buried under many layers of sand and mud. Under the great pressure from the ground, the sand and the mud become sedimentary rock. The minerals combine forming a mould of the plant or animal under the ground. A fossil can be a trace fossil or a body fossil. A body fossil is what actual organic material from a creature or plant (like a bone). Trace fossils are signs of plants and animal activity that have been preserved in rock. For example, dinosaur tracks, trails and dung are all trace fossils. A body fossil is usually composed of bones of an animal. Preservation of the â€Å"soft† tissue of a body is rare especially over long periods of time. Most body fossils are made when an animal dies and falls, or is washed into a steam, and is covered with mud. In a few cases, though, fossils have been preserved by freezing (as with mammoths in Siberia and Alaska) or when the animals have become stuck and died in a tar pit (such as the famous La Brea tar pit near Los Angeles, California). Sometimes a fossil is the result of a volcanic eruption. Ash and mud from the volcano can cover animals and plants killing them at the same time. Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It is also the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet. An important part of geology is the study of how Earths materials, structures, processes and organisms have changed over time. Fossils are linked to geology because, it is the study on how the world has build up over the years and fossils are animals and plants from over the years. They have changed over time because they have become smaller and form in different ways like freezing and volcanic eruptions. Over the years fossils have told us about life forms we had no idea about and is proved with the fossils or bones we have today in museums. This is how fossils are linked to geology.

Does Abortion Have Severe Psychological Effects? Essays -- essays rese

Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by destruction of a fertilized egg, embryo or fetus before birth, prior to the time when the fetus attains viability, or capacity for life outside the uterus (Encyclopedia, 1995, p.43). Currently almost twenty-five percent of pregnancies in the United States are aborted. About one forth of people who abort are teenagers, fifty-seven percent are younger than 25, and almost eighty percent are unmarried. During the first trimester is when most of the abortions take place. Only about ten percent are performed later in the pregnancy (Slife, 1998, p.329). Abortions go back as far as Ancient Greece where it was used as a type of population control. Then in the Roman Times men had total control over the procedure. â€Å"Man could give law-enforced command that his wife have an abortion, or he could punish or divorce his wife for having one without his consent† (Encyclopedia, 1995, p.43).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today many people ask the question, does abortion have severe psychological effects? People that are pro-life claim that most women who abort their unborn child suffer from many negative effects, such as guilty feelings, anxiety, depression, loss, anger and even suicide. In one case a woman had an abortion assuming that it would take away all of the stress of being pregnant and thinking about the consequences of having a child. Afterwards she said, â€Å"I was unprepared for the maze of emotions that hit me after I had the procedure. Instead of feeling relieved, I was awash in anxiety and confusion† (Lawlor, 2002, par.3). The disorder of having negative effects after an abortion is called Post Abortion Syndrome or PAS. In order to tell if a woman has PAS she has to be completely honest with herself and admit the feelings that she has. The symptoms that most women have are strong feelings of guilt and confusion. Some cases are much more extreme, for example, there was a seventeen year old who developed lethargy, malaise, and vomiting. Doctors where unable to reach a conclusion about her condition until the anniversary of her abortion when she experienced overt psychosis. Mental examinations also revealed signs of hallucinations, as well as psychotic thought processes. Research has shown that in most cases women will go on and say they are fine about the whole thing, and many years later be ... ...then you will not even think twice about having one. I don’t agree with abortions at a certain extent. If I got pregnant I am not sure what I would do because I wouldn’t want to grow up that fast, and I would want to finish college and get a good job that way I know for sure I could support my child like I would want to, but if I did have a good job and me and my boyfriend had a steady relationship, then abortion wouldn’t even cross my mind. 4. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Speckhand and Rue’s proposal that post abortion syndrome occurs in some women following abortion? I think they did a very good job of describing what post abortion is and what affects it has on women, but I think they could have done a better job of what causes women to have post abortion like Adler did in his argument. References Encyclopedia Americana. (1995). Definition of Abortion. (pp.43). Danbury, CT: Groiler inc. Lawlor, Jessica. (2002). Long Term Physiological and Psychological Effects of Abortion on Women. Retrieved March 21, 2001 from http://www.cirtl.org/syndrome.htm Slife, B., Ed. (1998). Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Psychological Issues, 10th ed. (pp.329-350). Gui

Week Presentation Notes

People with psych problems Like depression and anxiety have Increased likely hood of â€Å"bad trips† Hallucinogenic Properties: -Hallucinations (no rope on table, but a snake is on the table) -Illusion (rope on table is a snake) -Delusions (fixed false belief) -Interrogated Amnesia (Wake up next day, can not remember what happened) – Kinesthesia (crossing of the senses, see sounds, hear colors etc†¦ ) Hallucinogens and Brain Chemicals -Serotonin (5-HTH Receptor) -Some effect on dopamine, nor-epinephrine, acetylene's) sleep, Serotonin depleted brain afterward Physical Effects Increased Blood Pressure/Heart Rate -Inseminating -Blurred Vision -Enlarged Pupils -Sweating -Diarrhea -Muscle Cramps -Dehydration After effects of usage: -Confusion -Fatigue -Depression -Damaged Serotonin Neurons (with frequent abuse) Serotonin depletion (For next 2 weeks) Includes numbness in emotions LSI – 1938 Sand's PharmaceuticalsFBI tested as a mind control drug in sass Timothy L eary, sass way to get in touch with your feelings sass resurgence of use, with the advent of the rave (urban people in ass/ass, and homosexuals) sass much more into high school/teenage use Northern California is where most USA LSI made in alcohol type solution, put it on blotter paper 1 1 lbs of material can supply the entire country Slows reaction times and Judgment, suicide in bad trips, confusion causes suicide also. Ecstasy The most popular drug currently, mix of amphetamine and psychedelic, sass use for weight loss. SASS psychiatrist studied use in treatment of PATS, patients reported it helped them get in tough with their feelings and explore the traumas DEAD in mid sass outlawed it sass rave scene Effects; Energy, empathy, love, dance, sexual desire southwest raves, 2-3 day long dances, 2-3 people die from temp issue Not taken then sat on couch or as only drug at the same time Mostly pill form.No regulation, made in homemade lab, no idea what is in it, sometimes put ephedrine , or PC. Sometimes just pure chalk. Unpredictable, next day very depressed/suicidal, tolerance, mental ere high, physically not so much. Astatine, anesthetic, put you out of surgery, vets use it, most of the time people steal from medical. Euphoria, no pain, lots of amnesia, used as date rape drug PC also anesthetic, not usually used in medicine anymore, unpredictable, bizarre behavior, very hard to titrated the dose, from pleasant to seizures etc.. Aggression and suicide Are they addictive, generally more psychological addictive then physical, but do have some physical. Can they cause psych disorders?Thought about cause of psychotic disorders or dementia, it is possible, there is a higher risk Main danger is the increase in teenage use, 1 in 10 have used in the last month, they are cheap, easy to hide, don't realize the seriousness of the drugs. Are they treatable? No med BUT treatment centers do treat. Usually go because of another drug. Change of lifestyle is important for treatm ent, no more raves or clubs it is easier to abstain. Controversy of Astatine in psychiatry, can give for acute suicidal, immediate assistance. Can divert a lot of hospitalizing for suicidal ideation. Can be opening Pander's box, mainly because of drug seeking. Inhalants Todd Clement, MD Adolescent and Adult PsychiatristInhalant abuse, 1000 commonly used household items also laughing gas, sometimes even gasoline vapors! Active ingredient is Talking, very damaging to the brain, very cheap to obtain or have around the house. Dangerous for children How it's Done -Sniffing (directly from container) -Huffing (soaking rag and then putting in mouth, socks, gloves) -Bagging (spray in bag then breath in) -Ballooning (in Balloon similar to bagging) -Spraying (spray into mouth into the throat) -Sleeking (spray it or pour it into cuff, and can use throughout the day) 12-17 largest users, 4th most abused substance (behind alcohol, nicotine, marijuana) in 4 High School say they have used, 1 in 10 8th graders have tried What made you start?A friend or older kid talked into it Hispanic kids particular at risk, and Kids that spend a lot of time home alone Children/teens don't usually note the risk Young adults also use, low social-economic status and less educated, may be because they are a cheap high â€Å"Quick Drunk† few seconds to get to brain Mental Effects -Mood Elevation -Reduced Inhibitions -Excitement -Impulsiveness -â€Å"out of Body' experiences -Drowsiness/laryngitis -Dizziness -Slurred Speech -Balance Problems Dreamy stupor at high doses- violent or suicidal High lasts only about 30 minutes After use irritable headache tired DANGERS -Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome (Suffocation/Asphyxiation, displace 02 in brain) – Asphyxia from vomiting -Coma -Seizures -Suicide -Brain Damage (brain uses 25% of 02 supply, cutting off even for a few minutes will kill cells) Sends signal to heart, so increase Blood flow (increased HER and BP), small capillaries will pop from surge, then 3-4 cells die since that is the only feed for them.Outline: Is the toxic substances, can destroy the mainline sheath, that helps it work eight, like electrical lines and there coverings, Brain looks like an MS patients, Can damage hearing vision and cerebellum (destroys balance) Nitrates: sometime also toxic substances 12-17 brain still develops, so can derail developments Brain damage, hearing loss, sense of smell, damage speech, heart attack, Nausea/ Vomiting, Liver damage, kidney damage, Bad pain quickly, not Just 12-17 years old getting addicted, Dental Field or Anesthesiologist abuse nitrous, Long Term Effects – Permanent Memory Problems, dementia at early age, effects hippo-campus (helps consolidate memories) Tremors Balance Problems Emotional Instability Can it be treated, yes BUT, most treatment centers don like, due to failure rate, and long term recovery needs, really a gateway for other use How can I keep my Child safe?Know what is in your house, keep it out of there reach and keep an inventory, educate your children of dangers, know what they are doing especially if they are home alone ALTO, know where they are spending their money Bottom line, know your kids and watch them Patient with problems, encourage them to get help, intensive outpatient treatment is good. How do I know if my child is using? Chemical odor on breath/clothes -Rags or empty aerosol cans -Paint Stains on clothes/body -slurred speech/poor balance, appearing drunk -change in personality -Change in Grades Prescription Drug Abuse Michael R. Eyeless, MD Eyeless and Crawford Consulting ACE Addictions and Recovery Series This is probably the one that goes to church on Sundays.

Being a Taxi Driver Is One Good Opportunity

No job is easy. That’s a statement that I always believe in. In everything you do, you always have to do it right and with your best. Being a taxi driver is not an exemption. Yet despite being a challenging job, it is an awesome opportunity for meeting different kinds of people and going to different places. From Taxi Register, being a taxi driver requires one to be sociable, polite and friendly. I surely agree with it. No passenger would like to ride a cab whose driver looks so uninviting. At all times I try my best to be courteous, polite and accommodating to my passengers. As a taxi driver I know that I am responsible not just for my own safety but also that of my passengers. I need to drive efficiently to avoid any mishaps on the road. I also need to have a good sense of direction, knowing which roads to take to avoid traffic and bringing my passengers in great state to their destination. When caught in the middle of the traffic, I should stay calm and relaxed. Being a taxi driver also puts me to different instances of interacting with various people. Some are also as friendly as I am to them, while others can be hard to deal with. It is during such times that I need to be calm and think of ways to communicate with them efficiently without bringing about any conflict. As a taxi driver, I have also developed my mathematical skills in handling money. I need to give the right amount of money for change to the passengers. Some people put down taxi drivers just because it does not require any formal education to become one. As long as you know how to drive you can become a taxi driver. Though there is no formal education for this career, taxi drivers need to pass a licensing examination to test our knowledge about local geography and routes. Taxi drivers also deserve a high opinion. We are trying to earn money decently. We try our best to take you to your places quickly and safely; we work for your best road interest. We may even tell tourist some valuable information about the places they visit. In addition, many of us are conscientious and trustworthy. There are many times when honest taxi drivers return valuable belongings left inside the cab by some passengers.

Free Essays on Dramatic Literature

Greek Drama534 b.c. don’t know exactly. Thespis, first tragedy writer stepped out of chorus for a solo. Tragedy=goat song. Possible influence by Egyptian ritual- Isis & Osiris story. dionysia (4 celebrations each winter in Athens, featured drama contests attempting to secure fertility and crop growth-3 days long, 3tragedies, 1 satyr each, paid for by civic duty of wealthy Athenians. G humanizing of gods built temples sacrifices-G drama explains the divine approach to favor and disfavor. orchestra=center. skene=scene house, backstage. proskenion=raised stage in front of skene perform) .mekane =actors lowered onto stage and enacted roles of olypian gods messing with human affairs. Deus ex machine= the god from the machine. rescue characters, last minute, unsatisfying means of solving problems no religious text TRAGEDY, focused on person of noble birth. moira=fate. catharsis=purging of pity and fear, tragedy could only befall the great.Kenn Burke=purpose passion perception. pu rpose-stuff-passion=trying to resolve-perception=trajic fate would rather not face, greatest punishment. anagnorisis=recognition of perception of truth. peripeteia= figures fortunes reversedChorus=12-15 men, represented citizens, originally no separate actors, wore masks. Thespis=6thc. first to step from chorus, and talk with it Agon, dramatic confrontation. won first prize for tragedy in 532bc took several parts and wore masks. Aeschylus-first important G tragedian whos work survives added a 2nd actor, Sophocles 3rd. Prologue, estb. problem. Agons- developed relationship. exodus, concluded action inbetween. parados-moving onstage.stasima-standing still, strophe-odes while moving rtol.antistrophe while moving back to r. SATYR-, chorus dressed as half beast half man ran around with a fake penis. slapstick humor.Cyclops, Euripides only to survive. COMEDY Aristophanes (lysistrata) old comedy, individuals personally attacked, coarse and brassy humor, not vicious,... Free Essays on Dramatic Literature Free Essays on Dramatic Literature Greek Drama534 b.c. don’t know exactly. Thespis, first tragedy writer stepped out of chorus for a solo. Tragedy=goat song. Possible influence by Egyptian ritual- Isis & Osiris story. dionysia (4 celebrations each winter in Athens, featured drama contests attempting to secure fertility and crop growth-3 days long, 3tragedies, 1 satyr each, paid for by civic duty of wealthy Athenians. G humanizing of gods built temples sacrifices-G drama explains the divine approach to favor and disfavor. orchestra=center. skene=scene house, backstage. proskenion=raised stage in front of skene perform) .mekane =actors lowered onto stage and enacted roles of olypian gods messing with human affairs. Deus ex machine= the god from the machine. rescue characters, last minute, unsatisfying means of solving problems no religious text TRAGEDY, focused on person of noble birth. moira=fate. catharsis=purging of pity and fear, tragedy could only befall the great.Kenn Burke=purpose passion perception. pu rpose-stuff-passion=trying to resolve-perception=trajic fate would rather not face, greatest punishment. anagnorisis=recognition of perception of truth. peripeteia= figures fortunes reversedChorus=12-15 men, represented citizens, originally no separate actors, wore masks. Thespis=6thc. first to step from chorus, and talk with it Agon, dramatic confrontation. won first prize for tragedy in 532bc took several parts and wore masks. Aeschylus-first important G tragedian whos work survives added a 2nd actor, Sophocles 3rd. Prologue, estb. problem. Agons- developed relationship. exodus, concluded action inbetween. parados-moving onstage.stasima-standing still, strophe-odes while moving rtol.antistrophe while moving back to r. SATYR-, chorus dressed as half beast half man ran around with a fake penis. slapstick humor.Cyclops, Euripides only to survive. COMEDY Aristophanes (lysistrata) old comedy, individuals personally attacked, coarse and brassy humor, not vicious,...

Alexander the Great Summary 16 Essay

man who portrayed outstanding leadership qualities was Alexander of Macedonia, more commonly referred to as Alexander the Great. Alexander gained control of the Macedonian empire and led his men to victory by conquering the Persian Empire. Not only did his conquest enhance his overall image as a great military leader, but the characteristics he developed throughout his lifetime also played a role in his tremendous success. Although Alexander encountered many obstacles throughout his conquests, he†¦ Alexander, son of King Philip II of Macedon, is known as Alexander the Great. However, was he truly great? One may look at his many accomplishments to decide if he deserves the title. Sometimes character is the test of determining if a man is great. Alexander meets both standards with his philosophic background, conquering abilities, victories in battle, and outstanding accomplishments; therefore, he truly meets his title as Alexander the Great Alexander was born in 356 B.C. to King Philip II f†¦ of the Book â€Å"The Campaigns of Alexander†. Arrian was highly educated as a Greek citizen who born in a wealthy family. He has been famous since the Roman Period (27 BC –) as a philosopher who developed and extended his master Epictetus’ philosophy; a good governor of Roman cities Andalusia and Cappadocia during the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian (AD 117-38); a remarkable historian who accomplished many influential historian works such as The Campaigns of Alexander. There are many ancient sources†¦ Alexander the Great: Alexander III of Macedon, more commonly known as Alexander the Great (356 B.C. – 323 B.C.) was the son of Philip II, King of Macedon (382 B.C. – 336 B.C.) and Olympias. Conqueror of the Persian Empire, India and Egypt. When Alexander was born, prophecies foretold by Persian soothsayers and astronomers that he was going to be the â€Å"destroyer of Asia† due to the burning of the â€Å"famous Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.† (Alexandria, City of the Western Mind) The manuscript Alexander†¦ Joe Cibulka May 16, 2011 Alexander the Great Who is the Macedonian king who beat the great Persian Empire in 329 B.C.? Alexander the Great, of course! Although he faced many challenges, Alexander III conquered the world. Alexander said`ï€  Nothing is impossible to him who tries†- Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 B.C. He was born in the Macedonian capitol Pella. His mother and father were Queen and King, so he was a prince. His dad was murdered by a traitor†¦ Alexander the Great   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia, conqueror of the Persian Empire, and one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. Even at an early age, Alexander had the promise to become a great leader. Through all his victories and conquests, he has become a great hero and has had a large impact on history. That is why I chose he book Alexander the Great, by J.R. Hamilton for my review. Hamilton does a very good job with the story of Alexander†¦ Alexander the Great seems to have been a man who relished in the excesses of life. Not only did he lust after wealth and lands, but also he sought after deification and absolute power. With regards to "With regard to bodily pleasures, [Alexander] enjoyed perfect self-control; where pleasures of the mind were concerned, he was insatiable only for men 's praise", this statement is misleading and most likely Arrian stated such only because of his admiration of Alexander (Arrian 7.28.2). Alexander commonly†¦ Alexander the Great Deserve and His Reputation Alexander the Great is known for his legacy. Most known for his strategy of conquering many cities in Europe, Alexander the Great was no stranger to war strategy. Following a series of events leading to Alexander’s father being murder the Peloponnesian War ensued and the consequences of this country showed the Greek states at their worst selfish, contentious, avaricious, and power-hungry. The crises solution was Alexander to take his father’s throne†¦ Alexander the Great seemed to be given a name fit for someone who is legendary. We all know his name today, even though he lived sixteen hundred years ago. What made him such a great man? Alexander was born to father King Phillip II and mother Olympias (formerly called Myrtale) on day six of the month Loios (Macedonian month of July). During a majority of this time, King Phillip was away fighting wars, so his mother Queen Olympias oversaw his training and instilled resentment in Alexander about†¦ Alexander the Great and His Achievements Alexander the Great was the king of Macedon. Alexander of Macedon, or ancient Mecadonia, deserves to be called the Great. Alexander the Great was considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was an excellent king, general, and conqueror. During his thirteen-year rule he conquered almost all the then known world and gave a new direction to history. He had established an empire after he died. His new empire helped many people live their†¦

Evaluate the way in which 'Big Four' Tour Operators ( TUI, MyTravel, Essay

Evaluate the way in which 'Big Four' Tour Operators ( TUI, MyTravel, First Choice and Thomas Cook) have established a cartel within the package holiday market i - Essay Example In 2000, the ‘Big Four’ controlled over 75% of all outbound package tours. As the travel industry undergoes a change, the Big Four show that one size does not fit all (PWC, 2006). This paper evaluates the way they have established a cartel within the package holiday market in the UK but changing trends have revolutionized the industry. The UK is the fourth most important generating market for holidays, after US, Germany and Japan (Meyer, 2003). As the British prefer to use the services of a tour operator for long-haul destinations, this sector had increasingly become mainstream with British tour operators. The main trends in the industry are economies of scale and vertical integration. These strategies give the tour operators tremendous buying power and control over the supply and distribution of their products. Vertical integration means investment into other suppliers which gives them control over quality, availability, access and price, and the ability to reach consumers. Besides, it helps to limit competition. The regulatory authorities have been challenging how the Big Four exercise control at several stages in the distribution chain. The Big Four are all vertically integrated. This vertical integration takes the form of control, normally through ownership by a single group, of a tour operator, an airline and a retail travel agent (R&M, 1999). The travel agent Lunn Poly, owned by TUI, UK had 800 shops in 2000. Going Places is owned by MyTravel, Thomas Cook has 700 travel agents and First Choice owns 361 shops under the name of Travel Choice and related brands (Meyer). If a customer walked into a Travel Choice office he would not know that he was buying a First Choice package. To reduce such misunderstandings, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission (MMC), ordered that the notice of ownership must be displayed outside the shop, in brochures, on official stationery and in advertisements. All the Big Four tour operators had some airline in

Business Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Project Management - Essay Example Project management process involves four major functions. These are planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is the first stage of project management process and evaluation of a project is done in wide areas of the project i.e. cost required, future cash flow, possible risks etc. Project life cycle estimation is also important activity in this stage. Second stage of project management process is organizing. In this stage, the required resources are organized like capital, labour, material, equipment and facilities etc. Capital refers to both the initial investment and fund required for management working capital. Leading is the third stage project management process and it is very much crucial for completion of a project with quality work and ensuring deadline. The main objective of leading is to ensure right job to right people and motivating them to get best output. Controlling is the final stage of project management process where the project is continuously monitor ed. Progress of the project is evaluated and compared with the proposed project progress plan. Developing effective strategies and change of ineffective strategies of project development is main part of controlling a project (Smith, L. 2003, p.4). Therefore, overall objective of project management should be performing these four project management functions very efficiently and effectively in an organized framework. This is the job of a project manager. To complete or continue a successful project, the project manager needs to be planned and executed for each small stage of the overall project. This will help to develop and implement contingence in critical situation during project development process. Discussion Answer 1 Resources Resource is one of the most important primary objectives of a project. It includes mainly people, material and equipment i.e. the major non financial resources. Availability of skilled employees is one of the main focused areas of businesses because skill , knowledge and experience of employees have substantial impact on quality output and progress of a project. Again, sufficient supply of people leads to low wage rate and total wage of a project and vice-versa. Therefore, this important resource needs to evaluate at the planning stage of project management process so that project deadline, cost and quality work can be ensured. Next important resource is equipment which is very necessary to do the project task or activities. Technology plays a great role in this resource as use of hi-technology equipment reduces completion time or faster production and more output. Again, the employees also need to very much familiar with the advanced technology equipments as they need to operate the equipments efficiently to ensure better output. Material is another important resource of project as it is needed to produce the products. Therefore, sufficient and continuous supply of raw material is necessary for project. Material is necessary for bot h construction and production unit projects. Time Time is one important factor of project management. Project deadline and progress of a project can be ensured by efficient time management. It includes working hour of the employees and daily, weekly or monthly work progress. Again, time management can be aided by using tools, techniques and skills to accomplishing specific work activity or goal within due date. Therefore, to develop specific goal or work target, minimum time need to be considered to reduce total

Ethics in IT Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethics in IT Assignment - Essay Example Software for business or for entertainment is designed with the sole purpose of making money which makes it mandatory for an engineer to design quality software to make it worth the price. It will be senseless to distinguish software as the same people that use them for entertainment use it for health and rescue purposes. A team of engineers working on a project will have effective methods of execution. Every member of the team having a role to play, it will be easier to share responsibilities. The chances of making mistakes when in a team are expected to be minimal as the work has been broken down in order for an individual to give more concentration to his or her part. Mistakes that may arise from a project handled by a team of engineers will have a greater moral responsibility as it is expected they have consulted widely within the team to avoid any mistakes from arising (Whitbeck, 2008). An individual engineer on the team will not have a greater moral responsibility as compared to the team since the team as a whole is expected to have helped in guiding him from making any

System for Occupational Health and Safety Management

System for Occupational Health and Safety Management 1.1 General Overview Agape Homes Trust provides intellectual disability level care for adults in residential and day care. The trust provides services to develop individuals skills, talents and interest and assist them to live a integrated life. The manager oversees to two care centres. There is a well established management team supporting the running of the centre. The service has a clinical coordinator, a team leader, four support workers. A shortfall identified in this audit around staff training and other records has been addressed. Health and Safety System Audit report Policies and Procedures Policies and procedures are reviewed on regular basis and updated to reflect best practice, standards and legislation. Policies are in placed and documented rationally to determine skill mix and staffing levels. Roster is provided for appropriate coverage for effective delivery of services to the client at all times. The trust uses a combination of computer based planning for cares and documentation based information. The long term care plan is computer based and a printed out summary placed in front of the clients file. There is a lifestyle questionnaire for residents which provides information regarding the residents past and present likes and dislikes. Intervention are planned round those hobbies with set timeframe. Certain activities are planned out as well. Food, culture, religious beliefs are also considered. Accident records Interview with the Team leader it was found that the trust has no incident and accident record file onsite. All accident and incident reports are documentation, investigated within 24 hours of occurrence. Reported to and reviewed by the clinical coordinator. Corrective measures initiated immediately and data compiled on the data base and the paper work sent to the main office where it is kept in file. Standards NZS8134:2008 Health and Disability Services Standards are followed in policies ensuring appropriate standard comply with clients rights and services provided in a manner that clients are respected, minimises harm, facilitate choice and acknowledges persons culture, value and beliefs. Also services are effectively communicated to the residents and their whanau. ISO standard is also followed in policies where there is food handling involved and to ensure services are reliable and of quality for residents, whanau and staff. Job Description Each and every person at Agape Trust is responsible to comply with current occupational Health and Safety (OSH) legislation and safety at work. Everyone works safely at all times; uses safety equipment provided; identify hazards and report instantly; encourage others to work safely; monitoring of own health and measures to improve when necessary. Also safe evacuation of residents and others during emergency; maintain safe environment for self, staff and residents. The General Manager is to be reported of any concern regarding security or any other issues. Training Records Was unable to site the training records as it kept in the office at all times. Interview with the team leader the following information was gathered. When required or requested by team leader, be involved in on the job training and service orientation of staff and volunteers. In house health and safety training in form of induction provided to new workers and volunteers. All staff to possess a valid First Aid Certificate, participate in refresher course, external training and qualification based on certified training. Manuals Manuals on how to use equipments available and kept in files. No written safety rules developed and posted around the equipment. Little attempt is made to control hazardous points on equipment. For example the treadmill is located near the door way to the laundry. Manuals on working with equipment and hazardous substances can easily be obtained at anytime. Hazard Register Hazard Register updated and accessed easily for handling common issues, hazards, causes with controls and options to assist control. It also has tools, resources and case studies. The register consist of hazard such as slips,trips,falls, manual handling, hitting stationery objects, challenging behaviours, exposure to trauma, stress, workplace violence, workplace bullying, security, shift work and hazardous substances. The hazards recorded were minimised, eliminated or isolated. It has been updated by the General Manager and initials of each worker after reading and understanding it. Inventories All inventories are hand written in books and updated bi monthly basis by the team leader and the clinical coordinator. Inventories expiry is checked and damaged equipment replaced or fixed. The data is then transferred to the computer for records. Health and Safety System Organisational Requirement Have they been met? (No, partly, mostly, fully) Policies and Procedures Fully met Policies and procedures are checked and updated. The safety procedures are in formats that are easily understood and special communication needs of people using the building taken into consideration as well. The staffs is familiar with the health and safety arrangements at the work place. There are policies and procedures around waste management, cleaning, laundry. Emergency management and the staff are fully aware of them. Policies and procedures also in placed for safe practice and staffs are closely monitored all times. Organisational Management Mostly met There is enough qualified staff on duty at the Trust all times. The trust provides cares for highly needy clients with intellectual disability so experienced and qualified staff should be available at all time. The staff rooster is updated weekly. So the staffs have received adequate orientation and training before starting work. Accident Records Not met There are no records of previous accident records at the Trust. All accident records are sent to the main office where data is transferred to the computer and the paper stored in file. Organisational requirement. The trust should have an accident record file with previous accident records present at the premises as this may help for future references. Standards Fully Met Checking with residents, interview with team leader, staff ensured that policies support consumer rights under this standard. Residents well informed of their rights; personal privacy is protected and suffers no discrimination. Organisational Requirements The standards have been approved by Ministry of Health under the Act and set the standards for health and disability services. Standards have been reviewed yearly which includes general standards, core standards, infection prevention and control standards, restraint minimisation standards, organisational management and providing of safe environment. Job Description Fully Met All staff at the Trust has clear roles and responsibilities and their use their knowledge and skills to promote a positive health and safety culture in the workplace. As organisational and legislative requirement, each worker has to comply with safety policies and practices and their help in planning, implementing and monitoring of protective and preventative safety measures at workplace. All staff has written job descriptions and written copy of their terms and conditions of employment before commencing with the job. Training Records Not met Staff files not updated. Document such as training undertaken and completed not found. Organisational requirement Long standing staff needs their competency and skills assessed to determine the need for further training. The trust needs staff training and development programmes to maintain skills, meet the changing needs of the residents, fulfil the aims of the Trust and understanding the policies and procedures of the organisation and suitable competent to carry out their roles. The Manager should ensure that minimum mandatory training requirements for all his staff are met and updated on regular basis and records are maintained Manuals Fully Met Manual of every equipment present for safety reasons. The manuals are updated by the management on regular basis. Copies of manual printed out and placed in areas where it can be easily accessed. Hazard Register Partially Met. The Hazard Register is not updated, certain risk was identified but corrective measures still needs to be in place. The register has written confirmation of all statutory relating to fire safety and standards complied during fire drill. Organisational requirement The manager has to ensure that the risk assessment is carried out for all areas of work. To manage the identified risk that have been recorded, corrective action has to be implemented and all staff to be aware of any hazards identified and a control put in place. The Manager has to review the risk management records on regular basis. He also has to see to the events including accidents injuries and incidents of fire records and fire drills. Staff uses appropriate protective clothing and equipment suitable for the work to reduce the risk of harm and injuries to others and also to themselves. Inventories Partially Met. All inventories are recorded and later data transferred to the computer for future reference. The organisation keeps all the required inventories for safety reasons. The broken and old equipment should be discarded and replaced with the new equipment. Organisational requirement To reduce the risk of harm and safety old, broken equipment should to be replaced. 1.2 Health and Safety Systems Legislative Requirement Organisational Requirements Policies and Procedures Fully Met Policies and procedures comply with health and safety legislation for maintaining and providing safety and healthy work place, minimise risk in work practise for welfare of everyone and environment The safety procedures are in formats that are easily understood and special communication needs of people using the building taken into consideration as well. The staffs are familiar with the health and safety arrangements at the work place. Emergency management and the staff are fully aware of them. Policies and procedures also in placed for safe practice and staff are closely monitored all times. Accident Records Partially Met All organisations should have an accident record put in placed at all times. Staffs are to fill any form of accident or incident occurring at the work place. An accident record file with previous accident records should be present at the premises as this may help for future references. All accident and incident reports are documentation, investigated within 24 hours of occurrence. Reported to and reviewed by the clinical coordinator. Corrective measures initiated immediately and data compiled on the data base and the paper work sent to the main office where it is kept in file. Standards Fully Met The standards are aimed to ensure respect, protection of the rights of people at the Trust and that the standards are qualitative which provides meaning to the residents life Standards have been reviewed yearly which includes general standards, core standards, infection prevention and control standards, restraint minimisation standards, organisational management and providing of safe environment. Job Description Fully Met Staffs are qualified, competent and experienced to manage needs of intellectual disabled clients and also meet the purpose, aims and objectives of the organisation. Job description enables an individual to have authority and take up responsibilities for duties assigned. The staffs have to ensure that all legally required certificate and licences are updated and displayed when required. The organisation ensures that each staff gets proper orientation before commencing of his or her duties. Manuals Almost Met. Manuals should be in place for all staff to refer to for procedures on health and safety and corrective measures of using certain equipment. Manuals on how to use equipments available and kept in files. No written safety rules developed and posted around the equipment. Copies of manual printed out and placed in areas where it can be easily accessed. Hazard Register Partially Met Hazard register is updated and kept to carry out risk assessment of the work area. Action taken around the identified risk. Clear procedure in placed setting out the action to be taken together with reporting requirements. Significant events such as accidents, injuries, dangerous occurrence and incidents of fire are recorded and updated. Staff wears appropriate protective clothing and equipment in times of emergencies. The manager has to ensure that the risk assessment is carried out for all areas of work. To manage the identified risk that have been recorded, corrective action has to be implemented and all staff to be aware of any hazards identified and a control put in place. The Manager has to review the risk management records on regular basis. He also has to see to the events including accidents injuries and incidents of fire records and fire drills. Staff uses appropriate protective clothing and equipment suitable for the work to reduce the risk of harm and injuries to others and also to themselves. Training Records Partially Met. Promotion of safe working practice through acknowledging provision of information, training, monitoring, supervision of staff under safe working environment, fire safety, infection control, manual handling, first Aid, food safety, maintaining of equipment, personal safety at work. The Manager should ensure that minimum mandatory training requirements for all his staff are met and updated on regular basis and records are maintained. Staff needs their competency and skills assessed to determine the need for further training. Inventories Partially Met. Organisation should be up to date equipped with necessary resources at the facility to maintain health and safety. An inventories record should available at all times with expiry dates for equipment. The organisation keeps all the required inventories for safety reasons. The broken and old equipment should be discarded and replaced with the new equipment. To reduce the risk of harm and safety old, broken equipment should to be replaced. Assessment Task 2 Develop a plan for improvement to Occupational Health and Safety systems. Health and Safety System Degree of Compliance Assessment of the significance of Hazards Cost Benefit Analysis Policies and Procedures Compliance No risk – organisation meets the requirements Nil Accident Records Non Compliance properly completed accident forms and records should be kept High risk of hazard No accident records present, staff may not know how to handle on similar types of accidents as no references available. Low cost – printing of materials, buying a file and filing of documents. Standards Compliance No risk – organisation meets with all requirement Nil Job Description Compliance No risk – organisation meets with all requirements. Nil Manuals Non Compliance High risk of hazard. Most manuals are old, torn and out dated. Low cost – reprinting of manuals. Benefit would be for safeguard. Hazard Register Non Compliance no records of eliminating, isolating or minimising on file. High risk of hazard – no proper records available for future references. Proper and corrective action taken should be in place and recorded in file. Low cost – buying a folder and filing of the documents. Benefit for safeguard Training Records Non Compliance High risk of hazard – long serving staff not aware of new ideas and manage changing behaviours of clients. Staffs not up to date with training, staff personal information not complete. Medium cost – in house training for staff. A yearly staff training calendar posted in staff room to ensure all staff receives proper training. Refresher course made available for long serving staff and that they are up to date with qualification. Inventories Record Non Compliance High risk of hazard – staff may be use expired and broken equipment which may cause harm and injuries to themselves as well as to the residents. Also to reduce the risk of infection at the facility it is best for the organisation to maintain adequate resources at all times Low cost – a proper exercise book bought and all data entered in the journal which later transferred to the computer. medium cost – for the right equipment and resources such as gloves, hand wash, soaps and toilet paper and cleaning material Element 3 Size and location of the workplace The Agape Homes Trust which is known as Agape Care is a charitable organisation which is supported by local churches and provides services to highly need adults who has intellectual disability. The organisation is based in West Auckland. It is a small organisation with about 15 staff and about 25 clients. The organisation can implement corrective measures but have problems with allocated budget and resources. Financial viability of the organisation The Agape Homes Trust is a Non Government Organisation which survives on charity and is supported by local community churches. Since the cost of the strategies are small and can be catered with allocated budget. The organisation is not financially stable since it runs of charity. It can only spend small amount on money on health and safety programmes. Existing Management systems The organisation have set up templates on the computer and available polices and procedures. The clinical coordinator, manager and the team leader have the right knowledge and skills of the existing organisation system around health and safety. Commitment to ISO or other quality management practices. The organisation follows ISO and New Zealand standards which is reflected in the policies and procedures and all programmes. Overall Strategies Corrective Action Accident Records Ensuring that there are two people signing off all accidents. The team leader ensures all documents are properly filled The manager and clinical coordinator amends policies for accidents and incidents register Monitoring of Hazards Modifying ways to monitor hazards and recording them. Assigning a person to be in charge of monitoring the register. Working with team leaders, clinical coordinator and manager to develop and implement ideas. Training Conducting in house trainings for staff infection control, fire control. External training – First Aid certification and CPR training. Refresher courses – handing washing, medication competency and manual handling. Professional development training – Diploma in healthcare, Mental health, Treaty of Waitangi, rights and ethics, leadership courses. Challenging behaviour management courses. Qualification based on certificates – Diploma, NZQA qualification and certification Modification of induction training – orientation at work, interviews and appraisal. Manuals Working with team leaders and management to improve the manuals, communication styles suitable for everyone to understand. Printing out simple procedures and making attractive charts with diagram illustrations. Inventories One of the staff is assigned to keep checks on supplies and resources. The team leader checks the inventory journal at all times. Devika Chandra Kumari

Child-like Mind on One Visual and Verbal Prodigy :: Childrens Literature Beverly Cleary Papers

Child-like Mind on One Visual and Verbal Prodigy "Bob lived on a big farm. Everyone has to learn to work on a big farm. Bob helped his father with the work. He learned to help with the corn. He learned to look after the chickens and the sheep and the cows. He learned always to shut the gate to the pasture where Tony, the big black bull, lived" (Dolch 1). In the late 1940's and early 1950's, post-World War II, there was a shift back to domestic interests. Both libraries and bookstores were increasing in frequency and popularity, attracting education-minded families on the weekends and after school. However, children visited these institutions often to find merely stuffy stories about prim and proper children without any realistic emotions. "Where are the books about kids like us?" one librarian recalls being asked repeatedly. There simply were none. Hungry minds looking for empathy and adventure found emptiness; anyone not bored by Bob's story, found in a 1954 children's anthology, probably wished him to be mauled by Tony, the big black bull. Kids were often left with moral-laden Little Golden Books such as the 1950 edition of Susie's New Stove: "'Carol is bringing her dolls here to play,' said Susie. 'May I ask her to stay for lunch? We could cook it on my little stove.' 'Of course,' said Mother. 'Let's see. You could have canned soup with toasted crackers and cheese. Then peanut butter and honey sandwiches with milk. And how would you like to make candle salads? They are quite grownup' 'Wonderful,' said Susie. 'I will ask her right away.' And soon she was back with Carol... 'Daddy's birthday is coming,' said Mike. 'What can we give him?' 'I wish we could cook him a birthday dinner,' said Susie. 'That would be lovely,' said Mother. 'Oh, but our pots and pans are so tiny,' said Susie. 'We could never feed you and Daddy.' 'And us too,' said Mike. 'We would eat at the birthday dinner, wouldn't we?' 'Of course, dear,' said Mother. 'It would not be a party without you. But we can manage. You two are such good cooks now, I will let you cook on my big stove just this once... 'My,' said Mother. 'You children are a great help to me. This will be a wonderful birthday dinner.' It was, too. Daddy said it was the best meal he had ever eaten in his whole life" (Bedford 14).

Adolescent Development in Juvenile Recidivism

Punishment is a word that has many different meanings. It differs from person to person, state to state and even country to country. When looking at the criminal justice system the purpose of punishment is deterrence, rehabilitation, retribution, and incapacitation (Bontrager, Smith, & Winokur, 2008). Punishment involving adults is hard but when dealing with adolescents it is even more difficult. Adolescence is often thought to be a time of irrational and emotion influenced behavior. There are many who think that adolescence is just a phase that is an entity in and of its self.While many people can see the correlation between the actions and behaviors that happen in adolescence to the habits and life style in adulthood few people see the correlation between a person’s early childhood and the affect that has on his or her adolescence. There is no developmental phase that stands totally alone. Each phase has a lasting consequence ramifications on the next. This progressive devel opmental phase has lasting ramifications on the adolescent’s behavior, self-concept and maturity. Because of this there is a need to view juvenile crime and punishment differently than adult crime and punishment.The reason for this is because some research has shown that recidivism rates among juvenile parolees are very high. It can range anywhere from fifty five percent to seventy five percent (Krisberg, Austin, and Steele, 1991). There is evidence that a vast majority of juvenile offenders who have been confined do not stop committing crimes when they are released. In fact, many juvenile offenders continue their criminal involvement into adulthood (Hamparian et al. , 1984). There is a need to halt juvenile crime before it begins and there needs to be a way to halt the progression of juvenile crime being indicative of adult crime.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how childhood development affects adolescent’s development and how this development is directly related to a troubled adolescent’s recidivism rate in relation to family, community and social support. When sentencing juvenile offenders there needs to be an emphasis not only on punishment but rehabilitation. Crime prevention, whether on the juvenile level or adult level, falls into the three categories, of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention focuses on the conditions that may foster criminal activity. Primary prevention works to sway juveniles who are immersed in ommunities and cultures that promote violence and crime to seek healthier ways to live ((Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). For example,i. e. a juvenile living in a depressed area will see that drugs and theft are the primary means of survival. Taking that juvenile to a farm, or a camp, exposes them hard, honest work is more satisfying, and less stressful than devious means of support. The idea behind primary prevention is the desire to create a more positive perspective, specifically for juveniles, which will effect positive change which will, hopefully, keep the adolescent from criminal behavior.Primary prevention speaks to pretty much all aspects of life. It takes into account poverty, unemployment and a wide variety of other social and psychological burdens. It enfolds all of the aforementioned items with support for families, schools, urban development, healthcare, stabilizing and strengthening individual personalities, social education and combating prejudice (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). Primary prevention is an attempt at a catchall. The concept behind secondary prevention is not to look at the general environment, as in primary prevention, but to focus on a small, clearly defined group.This group encompasses children and young people whose individual development, or circumstances, or both, cause them to be a more likely candidate for becoming a potential offender. Secondary prevention focuses on helping people who fall into this group specifically. The help may involve either working with adolescents, who live in socially depressed areas. It can also mean street work, getting involved on the youth’s direct level, for young people who are difficult to reach in other ways (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). When looking at crime prevention Ttertiary prevention is the most clearly defined of the three categories.It is very specific in relation to its aims and target groups. Tertiary prevention endeavors to stop repeated offences and encourages the social integration of young offenders. In fact, the younger the age of an offender, the greater the significance of getting the offender’s support system involved (Bendit, Nieborg, & Erier, 2000). This leads us into the path of criminal behavior in adolescents. Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive learning is a socio-cultural theory of cognitive development that is based on the idea that learning happens primarily through a child’s interaction with the world.This theory shows the learning progression from infancy to early childhood to adolescence to adulthood. Adults are the key to this theory and to the concept of child to adolescent development. Adults shape and foster a child’s learning and development, intentionally, in a methodical manner depending on which culture and society the child hails from (Ormrod, 2008). Culture is often viewed as a local though it is not limited to a specific location. A person’s culture is not just where a person was born, lived and died. Culture includes the how of one’s birth, life and death.There needs to be awareness that intentionality can be done on purpose, with a goal and purpose set forth, but it can also be done with the mindset of failure. When a parent, teacher, or a significant person in a child’s life does not actively participate in the child’s development that loss of interaction may set the child up for failure. It is intentionality focused on failure. Making a cho ice to do nothing is actually making a choice to do something. It’s a choice of promoting apathy, indifference and a lack of concern.It is a choice that may cause irrevocable damage and harm that has lasting implications. An example would be not making a decision concerning salvation through Jesus Christ. When a person does not choose Christ he or she is choosing Satan. While many people may think that concept is harsh it is true. When parents, loved ones, teachers, pastors or anyone who plays a significant role in a child’s life chooses not to be actively involved it will cause reverberations that the child will feel forever. Thus, when a juvenile commits a crime and no one intervenes it creates chaos and confusion.It is generally acknowledged that dysfunctional parenting practices and family conflict are common hazards related to a wide variety of behavioral and emotional problems in children and adolescents. Improving parenting skills and enhancing the confidence ad olescents hold in their parents has the greatest potential in improving the children’s health, status, well being, and in reducing the risk of developing serious mental health problems or behavioral problems. There is extensive data to support the importance of good parenting in the maintenance, treatment and revention of childhood difficulties. This evidence comes from a wide variety of sources including different disciplines, behavioral genetics, developmental studies, and intervention research. There is substantial evidence that behavioral family interventions, based on social learning principles, are effective in the prevention and treatment of a range of childhood behavioral and emotional problems (Sanders, 2003). This data will have a huge impact on whether an adolescent commits a crime and also the recidivism rate when the child is released from whatever punishment given.The major premise of Vygotsky's theoretical framework is that social interaction plays a primary ro le in the development of cognition (Kearsley, 2010). Vygotsky taught that children learn how their culture interprets and responds to the world through formal and informal methods (Ormrod, 2008). This knowledge draws a parallel between understanding what others consider acceptable, in and for society, and turning that knowledge inward and deciding what is acceptable for ones’ self.This knowledge happens as a child moves from early childhood to middle childhood . As the child enters adolescence it begins to show up in social and emotional competences. Although middle childhood is an important developmental period for the assimilation of various skills to meet the complexity of coming social situations, the foundation for them has its origin in infancy. In infancy and early childhood, a child’s parental support allows him or her to learn to regulate behavior with consistent responsiveness from the parent to guide this developmental course.Increasingly, the child begins t o assume more control and can by early elementary school become more self-directed in carrying out the intricate set of skills required for problem solving in social situations. Accordingly, to obtain a child’s competency in social problem solving, measurement systems need to place demands on the child’s self regulatory, executive processing, and social engagement. Other basic skills that are also involved in social problem solving are competent language, regulation of attention, and memory (Landry, Smith, ; Swank, 2006).When a child does not learn these skills there is a fundamental lack in his or her foundation. The foundation may continue to be built upon but at some point it is likely to falter. Social and emotional competences have a wide range of developmental indicators that adolescents need for successful social adaptation. These indicators embrace positive interactions between adolescents and parents, teachers, care-givers and peers, emotional knowledge, emoti on regulatory abilities and relationship skills.When the adolescent is made aware that there is a problem in his or development scheme successful competency indicates a willingness to participate in special education programs for behavior problems. When a child moves into adolescence and these developmental indicators are not present, or are skewed, it is going to cause more developmental issues to arise. The process of maturation becomes much more difficult as the foundation needs to be reset in order to rebuild upon. The developmental indicators begin to show what the adolescent has retained in teaching form childhood to adolescent.A key component to seeing the correlation between a well adjusted adolescent and a maladjusted adolescent is to watch the behavior. Such behaviors would be acting-out, assertive social skills, emotional or behavioral disorder, frustration tolerance, peer social skills, shyness, anxiety and task orientation. Watching, and repairing deficiencies, earlier in childhood affects social and emotional development in early adolescence (Niles, Reynolds ; Roe-Sepowitx, 2008). To more fully understand social competencies in daily situations there needs to be an observance of the integration of skills.There needs to be a link between competencies during middle childhood to the more complex social challenges in adolescence. As children enter middle school they are expected to interact in social situations without a huge amount of structure and support from outside sources (Landry, Smith ; Swank, 2009). The reason for this is because this skill set should have been taught to the adolescent during the period of lower mental function (Ormrod, 2008). The social interactions become more complex because the adolescents are expected to consider each others’ points of view.They are then also expected to assimilate other people’s views with their own and give feedback based on the knowledge they possess. Based on what was said earlier, ado lescents can show success with these demands if they are demonstrating the ability to perceive and respond to the goals of others as well as others’ perceptions and beliefs. They can also show failure by being close minded or self-absorbed. Failure here may lead to an adolescent being ostracized, ignored or made fun of (Steinberg, 2005).Proficiency in shared interactions with others necessitates an assortment of cognitive, social, and verbal skills. From the social realm, adolescents need to understand the behavior of others. This is not limited to just understanding other people’s behaviors but also understanding that they, themselves, may have different perspectives, intentions, and knowledge. In order for this to occur successfully, they need to identify social cues and modify their strategies on the basis of the feedback received from a social peer.Cognitively, a child is required to keep focused and attentive and use information to plan and reason how to organize behaviors to achieve problem solving with others (Landry, Smith ; Swank, 2009). This is executive functioning which enters the realm of higher mental function (Ormrod, 2008). When a person goes from child to adolescent there needs to be an understanding of other people’s behavior. It is critical in being able to function in society. When this area is not developed fully it may cause issues in the area of self-concept, maturity and behavior (Steinberg, 2005).Integration of the many skills needed to function in more complex social situations is social problem solving. The ability to plan, sequence behaviors, and alter problem-solving strategies on the basis of feedback is often referred to as involving executive processing. Many theorists believe this is a critical set of behaviors for social competence because they help the child organize the information from the environment and process it to effectively comprehend social experiences.There is also an emphasis on the fact that social problem-solving requires specific behaviors. Examples would be goal directedness and planning. These behaviors fall under the heading of self-regulation. For adolescents to function competently they require the ability to create new strategies for use in unique situations and they must be able to self-examine in order to restrain behaviors that are not appropriate for the social situation. Integration of these skills is occurring across childhood (Astington ; Pelletier, 2005). In sSaying hat though, there is a prolonged progressive course where these abilities multiply in complexity as the child enters into adolescence. These behaviors are multidimensional, and can fluctuate fluidly depending on the social context (Steinberg, Dahl, Keating, Kupfer, Masten, ; Pine 2006). Social context is very important when looking at juvenile crime and recidivism rates. A common response that spans history, in the public’s concern with juvenile delinquency and violence has been to pas s legislation promising stiffer penalties as well as harsher sentences for juvenile offenders.What needs to be seen, though is the fact that crime damages people, communities, and relationships. There needs to be a balance created that includes the needs of the victim, offender, and communities. For there to be a healthy restoration process each party needs to be involved. While an offender needs to be punished unless there are support systems in place for the offender, when released, the recidivism rates for that particular offender will continue to rise (Stenhjem, 2003).